Which of the following is NOT one of Bandura's conditions required for learning?

• A. Cognition
• B. Attention
• C. Retention
• D. Motivation

Answer: (A)

Bandura’s observational learning works through four key processes: paying attention to the model, retaining what is observed in memory, reproducing the observed behavior, and being motivated to imitate it. Cognition, while essential to thinking and understanding, isn’t named as a separate condition in this framework. It underpins how well someone can attend, remember, and decide to imitate, but the explicit requirements Bandura lists are attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. For example, a child must focus on the model (attention), keep the steps in memory (retention), have the ability to perform the actions (reproduction), and want to imitate the behavior (motivation). Because cognition is not listed as one of those required conditions, it isn’t considered a Bandura condition in this context.